International journal of martial arts

This study was begun to help facilitate adult Taekwondo as part of the blue ocean strategy in the face of the declining number of Taekwondo trainees in Taekwondo studios in Korea. The adult Taekwondo is a task which needs to be improved in order to overcome the deterioration of the management of Taekwondo studios while enhancing the status of Taekwondo by diversification of trainee classes. Previous studies for facilitating the adult Taekwondo to date have focused on the development of adult Taekwondo training programs and diverse marketing strategies, yet lack studies on the academic approaches to the trainees’ behavioral characteristics such as the effect and value of the adult Taekwondo training. Examining the previous studies on the physical self-efficacy of the participants in various sports, there are implications that there is a relationship between the physical efficacy and the quality of life. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the physical self-efficacy of adult Taekwondo trainees on the quality of life at the present point in time when the roles of physical recreational activities are diversely expanding, verify the value and effect of Taekwondo training as a recreational activity for adults, and provide the foundational data necessary for facilitating adult Taekwondo along with building a theoretical frame-work for the practical areas for the adults’ participation in Taekwondo training. To this end, we have collected data of 300 copies on Taekwondo trainees of age 19 or older residing in Daegu and Gyeongbu regions of the Republic of Korea as of 2018, and the final 209 copies of data were used for the actual analysis. As for the data processing method, SPSS 22.0 statistical program was used to perform the frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and the multiple regression analysis, respectively, to arrive at the following results. First, physical attractiveness among the physical self-efficacies was found to have a positive influence on the family’s cohesion and changes of life among the subfactors of the quality of life. Second, physical confidence among the physical self efficacies was found to have a positive influence on the sense of self, family’s cohesion, and changes of life among the subfactors of the quality of life. Third, physical strength among the physical self-efficacies was found to have a positive influence on the sense of self among the subfactors of the quality of life. That is, a continuous Taekwondo training induces positive changes in the physical self-efficacy for adults, whereby more positive results for their bodies can be expected. Accordingly, it helps to produce a healthy body and realize self in a balanced manner based on the effects of the health maintenance and fitness improvement, thereby implying that the desire for the quality of a happy life within daily life can be raised.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combined exercise training for 16 weeks on obesity indices and artery intima media thickness and cardiovascular risk factors in obese middle-aged women. The subjects of this study were obese middle-aged women of 45-48 years old. They were divided into a control group(n=17) and a combined exercise group(n=14). In the combined exercise group, a combined exercise consist-ing of walking and resistance exercise for 16 weeks has been conducted. The results showed that there was no significant difference of change in the BMI but WHR was significantly decreased in the combined exercise group compared to the control group. VEGF levels were significantly increased after the exercise in the combined exercise group compared to before the exercise. Endothelin-1 levels were significantly decreased after the exercise in the combined exercise group compared to before the exercise.

As of 2018, as evidenced by 209 member states of the World Taekwondo Federation and 10,023,090 black belt holders, Taekwondo today is loved as a sport of the world beyond being Korea's traditional martial art. Together with the economic development, Korea has been able to utilize its position and honor as the originator country of Taekwondo for the last half century, and has continued to grow while strengthening its values and functions as an Olympic sport. However, the rapid growth of Taekwondo through sport has caused issues such as under-mining the value of traditional martial art, and the need for qualitative growth such as the development of in depth related contents has emerged. This study examined the globalization process and the current status of Taekwondo, analyzed the current status of the Taekwondo’s globalization project and Taekwondo’s dissemination, and contemplated on the globalization and sustainable development of Taekwondo through it. As alternatives for the continued development and globalization of Taekwondo are, first, to maintain Taekwondo as an official Olympic game, second, to seek plans for long term trainers of Taekwondo, and third, systemic improvements for the globalization project of Taekwondo and other related policy.